How Is Skin Cancer Caused
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Skin cancers develop when the body is exposed to too much ultraviolet radiation (UV rays). Some of the DNA in the skin cells that are exposed to UV rays begin to mutate. They become known as oncogenes that instruct the cell to grow haphazardly.
In many cases of cancer it is not always clear what the environmental condition or conditions may be. In fact, it may not be just one condition that promotes cancer growth but a multitude of them making it harder to prevent the development of the disease. In the case of skin cancer, the environmental condition is thought to be exposure to ultraviolet radiation. And the most common source of ultraviolet radiation that most people are exposed to is sunlight.
However, some people can be exposed to sunlight more than others and never appear to develop skin cancers. It seems that some people are more sensitive to the ultraviolet radiation than others (although too much exposure to the sun will result in skin cancer for most people eventually). This is true and is based on the amount of melanin in the body. Melanin is the body’s natural defense against the sun. It turns the skin brown as a way prevent it from burning. This is the tan that many people cultivate.
People who have less melanin will have paler skin. This often means that the skin will not brown but go red in the sun. It will also burn if they spend too much time in the sun or don’t protect their skin. Sunburn is obviously painful but it also indicates that the skin has been exposed to too much UV rays. It is the best way to develop cancerous growths on the skin. People with fair or red hair or light colored eyes are also sensitive to the sun.
Another factor that can increase the chances of developing skin cancer is any family history of the disease.
The effects of skin cancer depend on the type and length of time that it has been developing. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common form of the disease. It is normally benign, in that it does not spread from the original source. It looks like a blemish on the skin that could be brown or red in color.
Squamous cell carcinoma is also normally found on the body that is directly exposed to sunlight. It does not always spread but is more likely to spread than basal cell carcinoma. If it does spread it will be to surrounding skin cells. This will often give you the impression that the initial blemish or lesion on the skin is getting bigger. This is a sure sign of squamous cell carcinoma.
Melanoma are the third type of skin cancer. They are the most serious and rarest form of skin cancer. They can appear anywhere on the body and are not uncommon in parts of the body that are not normally exposed to the sun, like the feet. They could take the form of a brown spot that gets larger or simply a lump under the skin.
A Melanoma can be malignant, meaning that they will continue to grow in a random fashion at an uncontrolled rate. This becomes a problem when the melanoma becomes invasive. This means it will interfere with surrounding tissues and organs to the extent that it destroys them or stops them functioning properly.
Depending on where the cancer spreads or metastasizes this can be extremely hard to treat and potentially life threatening.
The best way to prevent skin cancer is to limit your exposure to UV rays. Protect your skin when in the Sun and avoid things like sun beds. Monitor your skin for any unusual lumps or marks. Watch for marks, blemishes or lesions that appear to be changing in shape, size or color. Consult your doctor or a skin specialist if this happens.
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Don’t forget the UV protective clothing! Surfers have used rash guard shirts for years but it’s just recently that the SPF 150+ protection these shirts provide while you’re in the water has been discovered by the rest of the beach going population.